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Developing stones in and around kidneys can be crucial to health. Kidney stones disrupt normal metabolism and functioning of body and calls for immediate treatment. However, before opting for any surgery, patients must have good idea about their problem and discuss their health condition with their doctors. There are various questions that might pop up in their minds. The most common questions about kidney stones are dealt in detail below:
Doctors first assess the position of the kidney stone and its nature. If the stone is formed in the upper part of uterus and kidney, they prefer non-invasive techniques like ESWL (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy) whereas if the stone is developed in lower part of uterus or urinary bladder, surgeries are must. Stones which are larger in size are operated through surgeries and smaller stones get operated through ESWL.
What is ESWL & why it is so popular?
What is PCNL/Key Hole Surgery & what are the benefits?
Kidney stones smaller than 28mm can easily be treated through non-invasive procedures; however this also depends on the location of the stone. If stones are located in the urinary bladder or in lower uterus; ideally it should be operated. Often the health condition of patients also determines whether kidney stones should be operated.
According to research, it takes only three months to form kidney stones. Studies have confirmed this fact and have also stated that the period of stone formation varies from places to places and is largely dependent on weather and climate. In hot desert-like environment, it takes only 93 days to form a symptomatic stone.
Generally, the chance of developing another kidney stone is about 40% to 50%, in a period of five years. However, there are ways of preventing further kidney stones or reducing its effect just by maintaining balanced diet and drinking sufficient amount of water, on a regular basis.
A healthy lifestyle and good eating habits can reduce the effect of further kidney stones. It causes lesser inconvenience and pain, like the first time and moreover patients can easily bear their problems and overcome stones easily. By embracing good diet, the chances of developing another stone also reduce by 50%.
Diet for Preventing Kidney Stones
Tips to avoid Kidney Stones
This depends on the kind of treatment undergone: surgery or non-invasive. In case of surgeries, it takes almost two to three months time to get back to normal life. Therefore, during this phase, patients must never resort to heavy work, activities and exercises. This can put more strain on kidney and other part of body and cause more damage. As for non-invasive techniques, it takes few days to recover completely and get back to regular activities. In either circumstance, patients must wait until doctors give the permission to do so.
In most cases, blood is not required for operating kidney stones. It is because in laparoscopy, there is no requirement for blood.
If the stone size is small, then patients can get rid of their kidney stones by consuming adequate amount of water. Ideally, stone sizes should be 4mm to 5mm and it will pass through urine, with time.
There are kidney stone specialists who mainly deal with treating various types of kidney stones with the right procedure. There are regular doctors as well as urologists, who perform most suitable treatment according to the kind of stone developed in the body. Patients must always seek medical help from these doctors who have hands-on expertise and provide proper guidelines and solutions to all suffering from stones in and around kidneys.
A balanced diet with the right proportion of all vital nutrients can help in preventing kidney stones. Those at the risk of developing stones must consume less protein since lower protein levels will form less uric acid, which in turn will lessen the chances of having stone. Along with diet, drinking water is quite essential. Often kidney stones, which are smallest in size pass through urine, if sufficient water is taken. Can read more about diet for preventing kidney stones & 10 quick tips to Protect Your Kidneys .
Kidney stone formation from genes is a rare case. There is an uncommon hereditary disease known as renal tubular acidosis, which accounts for 70% of people getting genetic kidney stones. Also there are two rarely inherited metabolic disorders, Cystinuria and Hyperoxaluria, which are responsible for causing kidney stones.
Polluted water has no direct influence on forming kidney stones. However, people often have infections by drinking contaminated water. These infections may lead to kidney stones, especially if ignored in earlier stage.
Firstly, there is higher risk of having urinary tract infection. In case such an infection already exists, it gets worse.
Secondly, if it so happen that the stone block urine flow out of both kidneys, it can cause permanent kidney damage. In most cases, people have healthy kidneys, for which kidney stones don’t react much unless the urinary tract is completely blocked for two or more weeks.
Thirdly, kidney stones can be fatal for those who survive on single kidneys, kidney transplant or impaired immune system.
And finally, if stones occur amidst pregnancy, specialized doctors like urologists and obstetrician assess if patients require treatment and proceed accordingly.
The function of the kidney is to filter away waste products and excess fluid that is present in the blood. The waste product and the excess fluid that has been extracted from the blood becomes urine. In case of imbalance in waste chemicals present in urine forms solid masses made up of crystals that can later on with time convert into lumps or stones within the urinary tract or kidney. These lumps or stones are called as kidney stones. Kidney stones are also called Renal Calculus. Kidney stone may as a result cause severe pain in abdomen, groin or flank.
The condition in which kidney stones form in the kidney is called as nephrolithiasis, the stones present near urinary tract, it is termed as urolithiasis and the stones present in the ureter is termed as ureterolithiasis
Kidney stone may occur because of numerous reasons such as less intake of water, diet high in protein and also as a result of kidney disease. There is no, one definite cause of the appearance of kidney stones. Kidney stone forms when more calcium, uric acid and oxalate are present in urine and the substances that prevent crystal formation are absent there. Small kidney stones leave the body by themselves along with the urine. Whereas, on the other hand the large kidney stones gets stuck and causes irritation and blocking of urine that becomes the root cause of the infections.
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Understanding the type of kidney stone helps a lot in determining the actual root cause of its development in the body. All the kidney stones are not made up of similar crystals. By getting to know the types of kidney stone, it actually becomes easier to find out ways through which the risk of getting more kidney stones can be reduced. The various types of kidney stones comprises of:
Calcium: The most common type of kidney stone is calcium stone that is made from calcium oxalate that are seen commonly in men in their 20’s and early 30’s. Spinach and most of the eatery items are high in oxalate levels. Oxalate is also produced by the liver.
Struvite: The most common type of kidney stone is calcium stone that is made from calcium oxalate that are seen commonly in men in their 20’s and early 30’s. Spinach and most of the eatery items are high in oxalate levels. Oxalate is also produced by the liver.
Cystine: The most common type of kidney stone is calcium stone that is made from calcium oxalate that are seen commonly in men in their 20’s and early 30’s. Spinach and most of the eatery items are high in oxalate levels. Oxalate is also produced by the liver.
Uric Acid: The most common type of kidney stone is calcium stone that is made from calcium oxalate that are seen commonly in men in their 20’s and early 30’s. Spinach and most of the eatery items are high in oxalate levels. Oxalate is also produced by the liver.
Other Stones: The most common type of kidney stone is calcium stone that is made from calcium oxalate that are seen commonly in men in their 20’s and early 30’s. Spinach and most of the eatery items are high in oxalate levels. Oxalate is also produced by the liver.
Kidney stone symptoms can only be recognized when the stone moves and passes into the tube that connect kidney and bladder. This tube is called as ureter. The symptoms that you experience during this period are as follows:
Severe pain in the abdomen, groin, side, back, below the ribs or flank
Sudden pain that comes untimely with fluctuating intensity
Extreme pain while urinating
Color of urine turns to pink, brown or red
Foul smell of urine
Vomiting and nausea feeling
High fever and shivering
Increased frequency of urinating
Visit your doctor as soon as you find symptoms such as intolerable pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever, blood in urine and difficulty in passing urine. It is important to get the treatment as soon as possible.
Proper physical examination along with the complete health history is done to diagnose for the kidney stones. If by any chance the doctor is suspecting that you have kidney stone, then he may suggest you to have some diagnostic tests and procedures done, for e.g.:
Blood test: Blood test for revealing the amount of uric acid, calcium, phosphorous and electrolyte in the blood. Through this test the health of the kidney can be monitored properly so that the doctor can look into other medical conditions.
Urine Test: Blood test for revealing the amount of uric acid, calcium, phosphorous and electrolyte in the blood. Through this test the health of the kidney can be monitored properly so that the doctor can look into other medical conditions.
Imaging Test: Blood test for revealing the amount of uric acid, calcium, phosphorous and electrolyte in the blood. Through this test the health of the kidney can be monitored properly so that the doctor can look into other medical conditions.
Analysis of passed stones: Blood test for revealing the amount of uric acid, calcium, phosphorous and electrolyte in the blood. Through this test the health of the kidney can be monitored properly so that the doctor can look into other medical conditions.
The treatment of Kidney stone depends upon the type and size of the stone in the kidney or urinary tract.
Small stones usually cause minimal symptoms and amongst them most of them don’t even need invasive treatment. The small stone may themselves get out of the body by drinking 2 to 3 liters of water every day. Water intake helps you flush out the small stones from the urinary system. Even a small stone causes extreme pain and discomfort that can be relieved by taking pain relievers. If still the stone does not pass away from the body through urinating then in such case the doctors may prescribe some medications to help you with it. Medications such as alpha blocker help in relaxing the ureter muscles that help the patient a lot in passing the stone out from the body quickly that too with minimal pain.
Conservative measures cannot usually help in the treatment of large stones. Large stones could not pass themselves and as a result may cause bleeding, infection in the urinary tract or even kidney damage. Thus, for breaking them, extensive treatments or procedures must be followed such as by:
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL): On the basis of the size and location of Kidney stone, the doctor recommends ESWL procedure. This procedure uses sound waves that create highly intensive vibrations for breaking the large stones so that they can be passed easily in the urine. This procedure may take around an hour. Before the procedure the patient may be given light anesthesia for comforting.
Key Hole Surgery (PCNL - Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) also called as Key Hole Surgery is a procedure that removes the stone from the body surgically with the help of instruments that are inserted and the stones are removed through a small incision at your back. This procedure is required when ESWL becomes unsuccessful and the large stone starts obstructing and infecting and harming kidney. It is also recommended when pain becomes severe and uncontrollable. This procedure is known for, easy recovery and painless procedure.
Ureteroscopy: Ureteroscope is an instrument that Doctor uses for removing the stone from ureter or bladder. Thin lighted tube i.e. ureteroscope is attached with the camera and is inserted inside urethra and into the bladder to reach the ureter. As soon as the location of stone is found, then with the help of special instrument the stone are broke down into very small particles that can easily pass in urine. Sometimes patients develop swelling and in that case the doctors place stent that appears like a small tube in the ureter to help relieve you from swelling and even helps in healing quickly. For this procedure local anesthesia is required for comforting. This procedure helps in diagnosing the kidney stones and tumor without performing open surgery.
Parathyroid Gland Surgery: Overactive parathyroid gland is responsible for some of the calcium phosphate stones. When this gland releases immense parathyroid hormone, then in such case the level of calcium in the body becomes high and results in the formation of kidney stone. By removing the growth of the gland the formation of kidney stones can also be put to halt.
After the Kidney stone treatment the routine diet must be changed along with the intake of prescribed medicines. It is suggested to the patients that they must follow the advice given by the doctor, so that they have a normal recovery.
Proper Medication: The doctors prescribe several medications that must be taken timely without missing out as directed. The medicine that has a dizzy effect on you asks for extra care. Alcohol and heavy exercises must be avoided when such medicines are taken. Never skip the medicine thinking that you are feeling all okay or better than before. Complete dosage of prescribed medicine must be taken to keep you away from any sort of infection or re-growth of kidney stone.
Avoid Over Activity: During the recovery phase, the patient must avoid hyper activity after being treated for kidney stone. During the initial days after the treatment you may notice blood in urine and slight pain in the abdominal area that can hinder you from being active. Thus, it is suggested by the doctors to take complete rest during the recovery period. Don’t push yourselves very hard and wait till you have recovered completely.
Follow the Diet: To prevent the re-growth of kidney stones in the body, patients must make some required changes in their diet till they have recovered completely. For boosting the energy in a patient, healthy diet is very essential. Food high in proteins must be avoided completely such as fish, meat and poultry. Plenty of fluids must be consumed and caffeine intake must be avoided so as to hydrate your body.
Visit Doctor: After the treatment of kidney stone you will have to visit the doctor after a week or two for the follow-up. During this visit, the doctor will check the developments and analyze if they are recovering as per the plan. If a stent is placed in the ureter then during your first visit it will be removed.
Complications may occur after the removal of kidney stone from the kidney or the urinary tract such as blood clotting near the kidney and other nearby organs. Never avoid any symptoms that appear to be serious and contact the doctor right away.
Prevention of Kidney Stone depends upon the type of stone produced and patients desire to keep themselves fit. For prevention of the re-growth of Kidney stone, usually doctors prescribe medications that help in preventing its formation.
The risk of kidney stone can be prevented by following the below steps:
Proper Intake of water: Proper intake of fluids along with fresh healthy food diet is considered the best preventive measure of keeping kidney stone at bay. Lemon juice or orange juices that are high in citrate are the best alternative of water. Doctors recommend that 2 to 3 liters of water must be consumed every day. Never leave yourself dehydrated.
Intake of less oxalate rich food: If your body tends to form calcium stones, then your doctor will advise you to stay away from food that is rich in oxalates.
Stay away from food high in protein and restrict salt intake to minimum: : Avoid poultry, fish and meat in your diet and along with it you must also reduce salt intake to prevent stone from recurring.
Consultation: You can eat calcium rich food in your diet until the doctors ask you to avoid it. You must be cautious before taking calcium supplements and ask your doctor about the side effects if any. Contact a dietitian to help you with the diet plan that depends upon your current medical state.
